Danny Mucinskas

Educator Spotlight - Dee Schultz

Dee Schultz

Osseo-Fairchild High School

Osseo, Wisconsin, USA

About Dee Schultz 

My name is Dee Schultz and I am a high school English teacher living in the state of Wisconsin in the United States. Reading has always been an important part of my life, as has spending time with family. As of December 2023, learning how to crochet has become a new way for me to relax and regulate. I’m enjoying expanding my knowledge and skills by creating special gifts for friends and family. 

In 1993, my teaching career started in Florida where I first taught English at a private school. Two years later, I fulfilled my dream of becoming a full-time college English Education professor at the University of Central Florida. That opportunity allowed me to travel the country providing literacy instruction workshops to teachers of all subject areas; I also worked closely with Dr. Janet Allen and edited several of her literacy textbooks. In 2002, I left the higher education world and moved to Wisconsin where I have been teaching high school English along with dual-credit and online college writing classes ever since. 

How did you learn about The Good Project lesson plans? What made you interested in using the lesson plans?  

During the summer of 2023, I spotted a Facebook post that Harvard University was looking for teachers to participate in a grant specifically looking at values and the definition of “good work” and how it connects to our daily lives. After a quick perusal of the proposed curriculum, it seemed as if it might be a good fit for the students at our high school. Character education isn’t something required in our district, and it seemed as if I could easily pair it with the readings and lessons we were already doing in my classes. 

Tell us about the students with whom you are teaching the lesson plans. In which class are you using them? What makes them a good fit for your learners? 

At first, the plan was to incorporate the lessons with all of my twelfth-grade classes and my advanced tenth grade class. However, I learned very quickly that it worked more seamlessly with the sophomore curriculum. Two lessons in, I switched gears and completed the lessons solely with the sophomores. 

The students in my sophomore class were receptive to the material, our class is naturally conducive to discussion in small groups and students are accustomed to sharing their feelings and opinions in this class. The Good Project lesson plans provide plenty of opportunities for discussion and constructive debate, along with internal reflection, which is exactly what my course needs. 

What has been a memorable moment from your teaching of the lesson plans?  

One of the previous Good Project instructors provided an alternative video lesson to elicit student reaction. Students watched the Prince EA video called “What is School For.” After the video, students were told to think about what the video had to say and to be prepared to discuss it the next day (without sharing their thoughts with their classmates). The next day, I put students in two groups and they brainstormed on poster board what they believed the purpose of school might be.  

The student responses to the question “What Is School For” were honest and truly reflective. Many of their answers were negative, such as: I don’t know, stress, sleep deprivation, tears, my parents not to be disappointed in me, NOT handwriting, etc. But, they also had answers all educators want to hear: situational awareness, team building, communication skills, opportunities, finding what you love and hate, social and life skills, learning to work with those you don’t like, etc. 

Seeing these 15 students come together to talk about school and their experiences with no filter was eye-opening. We often forget that they carry so many weights in addition to school. School can make or break teens and as educators, we need to be mindful of students’ perceptions of school and education.  

What are students gaining or learning from their experiences with the lesson plans?  

The Good Project lessons provide experiences for students to evaluate the personal skills and attributes they possess and to determine how best to use them in their lives. 

Students described the Unit One Value Sort Activity as “difficult.” It proved to be eye-opening when they were able to see the tallied class results and learn how others’ values compared to their own. After lengthy discussion, students realized that the activity helped them begin to learn where their strengths and weaknesses appeared which gave them a goal to work toward. With that early objective, students were able to individually focus on their personal growth goals. 

Each step and lesson along the way helped them look internally and determine how they would react in a given situation, and how the situation might lead to their personal growth now and in the future.

What advice do you have for other educators before they begin teaching the lesson plans? 

Teachers shouldn’t feel restricted by the lessons. The lessons are guides and can be tweaked and manipulated to fit each teacher’s and each class’s needs, time constraints, abilities, etc. There were times we did the activities out of order because of something that might have popped up in our curriculum, or our community, and a later lesson went hand-in-hand with what we were doing. There were even times I didn’t give students the prompts for situational experiences and I let students take the wheel in terms of their discussions. Their conversations became organic, rich, and more honest, which was refreshing.  

What are students learning that you feel will stick with them? What changes, if any, do you see in the way they approach certain choices or situations in school or in life? 

After re-taking the Value Sort six months later, students were surprised to see how their answers changed. I’m not sure if that’s because of their maturation, which tends to happen quickly during their sophomore year, or because of the Good Project discussions and lessons. But, I definitely noticed deeper reflections in their responses to the exit ticket responses, and as they began to consider how their personal choices affected others in their lives. 

How do you view the relationship between what you teach in the classroom and your students’ overall development as people? 

Because my subject area is English, I’m privileged to have the opportunity to prompt students to participate in discussions about life, literature, and choices daily. We laugh, problem-solve, and sometimes cry together. My students know that I have their best interests at heart and that I’m always honest with them. The trust and bond we share are special and last well into the future. 

By adding the Good Project lessons to the sophomore English curriculum this year, it also provided me with more insights into where students believe they fit into the cast of characters in their personal lives and their roles and responsibilities in those relationships.

Why is it important for your learners to understand the meaning of “good work” for themselves, now and in the future? 

For students to begin to recognize and assess their values during their teenage years is critical. At this time in their lives, teens are pressured by so many outside influences—family, friends, culture, religion, social media, and school to name just a few. Those pressures don’t subside as they age. If we can equip them to recognize what they value and understand how their values play out in their lives, I think we have done our job. They have the power to question whether a situation is good for themselves and assess the consequences of their actions from multiple points of view. Being equipped with that knowledge can only be helpful to them in the future. The Good Project lessons provide a glimpse into how students value sports, music, spirituality, and other outside obligations, which will possibly affect their choices and work in the future.

Educator Spotlight: Mahesh Kumar

Mahesh Kumar

Legacy School Bangalore

Bangalore, India

The Educator Spotlight Series highlights teachers from around the world who have joined The Good Project Community of Practice implementing The Good Project Lesson Plans as part of a research study funded by The John Templeton Foundation.


About Mahesh Kumar

My name is Mahesh Kumar M and I am a passionate Chemistry educator born into a family of farmers in the serene countryside of Kerala, India. Having grown up surrounded by natural beauty and a supportive community, I was inspired to explore and learn about the intricacies of nature at the molecular, atomic, and elementary particle levels. 

I have had the privilege of teaching Chemistry in both national and international curricula for more than 15 years. My foremost goal is to foster a scientific mindset among my learners, particularly with respect to Chemistry, and make a positive impact in their lives. Currently, I am serving as a faculty member and Head of the Science Department at Legacy School in Bangalore, India. I am passionate about devising innovative teaching and learning methods that enable learners to become independent and life-long learners.

How did you learn about The Good Project lesson plans?  What made you interested in using the lesson plans? 

I came across The Good Project research through a social media post from the Project Zero. I felt inspired to contribute to educational research based on the work of Howard Gardner. Upon examining the lesson plans, I was intrigued by the potential of these activities to empower learners to reflect and gain a deeper understanding of their values. Our school's vision enables teachers to try activities that enable learners to become leaders who make a positive impact on the world through meaningful, reflective learning experiences.

Tell us about the students with whom you are teaching the lesson plans. In which class are you using them? What makes them a good fit for your learners?

I specifically chose to work with the grade 12 A-level students because I could allocate 20 hours from their Chemistry curriculum mapping. Additionally, these students only had 4 subjects, meaning that good project work would not interfere with their study schedule, and they could dedicate quality time to it. The certificate of participation that the students received from completing this project was also valuable in supporting their university applications. 

What has been a memorable moment from your teaching of the lesson plans?

As part of the first unit, I assigned my students to engage with various individuals within the school and inquire about their definition of good work. One of my students had the opportunity to speak with the school janitor and kindly asked for her opinion about good work. The janitor expressed her enthusiasm towards supporting students' learning by providing a safe and clean environment to study. However, she also shared her concerns about the disrespectful behavior shown by some students, which sometimes even resulted in verbal abuse. The incident triggered an emotional breakdown from the janitor, which was witnessed by the student. The student came back and shared the experience with the whole class. 

Upon learning about this unfortunate event, the entire class took it upon themselves to express their gratitude towards the janitor by creating a heartfelt thank-you card. In addition, the student council organized an assembly to acknowledge and appreciate the efforts of all the support staff in the school.

Two of my colleagues were then inspired to join the research study of the lesson plans and created a Good Project Corner for our school, where we display our students' exemplary work.

What are students gaining or learning from their experiences with the lesson plans? 

These students have truly blossomed into reflective thinkers with the ability to see a difficult situation or dilemma from multiple perspectives. They have learned the key elements that contribute to producing high-quality work and how to approach tasks with purpose. They understand that having a clear vision for their future and being intrinsically motivated are crucial to achieving their goals. Most importantly, they have developed a deep appreciation for the values and beliefs of their peers. It's truly remarkable that, at their age, they have surpassed expectations and are able to view dilemmas from a multitude of perspectives.

Through their participation in diverse activities, students have gained invaluable skills that will stay with them for a lifetime. They have learned how to thoughtfully reflect on a variety of topics and engage in meaningful discussions with individuals from all walks of life. This experience has also fostered a greater sense of accountability for their own learning and helped them gain a deeper understanding of their academic goals.

What advice do you have for other educators before they begin teaching the lesson plans? 

For these lessons to be effective and engaging, it is essential to establish clear classroom expectations and ensure that students understand that there is no right or wrong answer to any of the activities in this project. Teachers should carefully review each activity and have a clear understanding of them. The lesson plans provided are simply guidelines, and teachers should use their creativity to come up with their own activities.

How do you view the relationship between what you teach in the classroom and your students’ overall development as people?

As previously mentioned, my students have developed a reflective mindset. The debating and discussion skills they acquired have proved useful in our Chemistry classroom discussions. One of the great debate topics in the Redox Reactions unit is the comparison of the sustainability and eco-friendliness of electric cars versus petroleum-based cars. I strongly believe that the good project lessons have motivated my students to become more purpose-driven.

Why is it important for your learners to understand the meaning of “good work” for themselves, now and in the future?

It's remarkable to see that students today understand the importance of having an ethical mindset when it comes to doing good work. What's even more inspiring is that most students believe that enjoying their work is key to achieving excellence. It's wonderful to witness the passion and dedication they bring to their work.

Educator Spotlight: Lety Esparza

Lety Esparza

Lomas del Real

San Luis Potosí, Mexico

The Educator Spotlight Series highlights teachers from around the world who have joined The Good Project Community of Practice implementing The Good Project Lesson Plans as part of a research study funded by The John Templeton Foundation.


About Lety Esparza

I am Lety Esparza, a passionate educator, tireless learner and mother of five. I love to read in almost every format and about lots of subjects.

I am the academic coordinator at Lomas del Real, a K-12 school for girls located in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. I have been teaching here for 25 years. I have had the opportunity to teach English as a Foreign Language, Theology, Social Science, History and Ecology. For the past 8 years, I have been teaching Philosophical Anthropology, therefore, The Good Project was a great program to enhance my teaching. I love to design lessons that help my students learn about human nature and themselves. I am convinced it is essential to get to know yourself thoroughly to be able to accept yourself as you are, and then value yourself to finally love yourself in order to be capable of giving yourself to another person as you receive them.

How did you learn about The Good Project lesson plans? What made you interested in using the lesson plans? 

During the pandemic, I had the opportunity to connect with teachers from around the globe through different groups of educators online. We shared our experiences, mistakes and discoveries. When the pandemic was over, we continued sharing the questions and resources we stumbled upon during our job. In a publication, they shared information about the research study of The Good Project Lesson Plans, and I started reading the lessons; I found them very interesting, complete and up-to-date. Something I considered very attractive was their relation with Project Zero, which has given us many teaching resources backed by Harvard investigations. I saw a way of giving back to all the materials we have benefitted from over many years.

Tell us about the students with whom you are teaching the lesson plans. In which class are you using them? What makes the lessons a good fit for your learners?

I have been using the lessons with 10th grade students in the class of Philosophical Anthropology. In this subject, students get to explore the characteristics of the nature of humans. They study perception, emotions, imagination, intelligence, will, etc., and take advantage of this knowledge to improve their habits, decisions, relationships and themselves. Even though the lessons do not cover any explicit objectives of the curriculum, they help students to develop reflection, dialogue, argumentation and role play. Students get to see human characteristics and behaviors, analyze them through different lenses and then use them to reflect upon their own personal lives.

What has been a memorable moment from your teaching of the lesson plans?

Last year, when the girls discussed a dilemma about taking different roles, they were surprised to see how their personal perception of the same dilemma changed a lot when they saw it from a different character’s perspective. I loved to see their perplexed faces and hear their laughs as they realized how much they changed during a single class. I believe those “AHA” moments will be with them in difficult times, helping them to be open and empathetic. 

Having the opportunity to meet the research team in person while on a school trip was an unbelievable experience for all students, even the ones who did not go to Boston. They were happily surprised that “Harvard researchers” are so nice, welcoming, patient, humble and open.

What are students gaining or learning from their experiences with the lesson plans? 

The girls have improved their writing and debate skills. Having to write 5-sentence-long responses, support their opinions, listen carefully to build their answers on the previous ideas from a classmate and reflect after each lesson, has been a great opportunity for them to practice those skills. Another thing they get to practice is “putting on someone else's shoes” and “what would you do…”; therefore they can “experiment” and gain experience without waiting for difficult situations to actually happen to them.

What advice do you have for other educators before they begin teaching the lesson plans? 

Other teachers should know the lessons have been created by experts and based on research.  Each lesson is completely planned, with all the resources and suggestions to enrich them. Although they are planned for 45 minutes, students' reflections and participation can be so lively and interesting it can take longer, around 60 minutes—even more if you have the time for it. It is very important to go through the plan and resources before facilitating the lesson to make sure of the timing and to properly adapt any details to your cultural setting.

What are students learning that you feel will stick with them? What changes, if any, do you see in the way they approach certain choices or situations in school or in life?

I feel after completing the course they will be able to pause before reacting, think about consequences and decide with responsibility and empathy as they now are aware of their choices having consequences for themselves and others. They will also consider other people's point of view, now knowing it may be quite different from their own. I see that they no longer rush their answers. Rather, they stop and think, as well as elaborate from previous answers.

How do you view the relationship between what you teach in the classroom and your students’ overall development as people?

The possibilities of impacting their development at 15 years old, with the situations we try to create for the class is unlimited. When teenagers have the opportunity to see what other people do and how they think, while getting to reflect about themselves, the self knowledge they acquire is extremely valuable, empowering them to develop in the personal areas they discover as opportunities while taking advantage of the aspects of themselves they identify as strengths.

Exercising the habit of thinking before acting gives them the opportunity to create the life they want, while keeping in mind the impact of their actions on their community and the world around them.

Why is it important for your learners to understand the meaning of “good work” for themselves, now and in the future?

Understanding the meaning of Good Work will allow students to think about their daily choices and reflect upon their actions. The students analyze other people's choices and their consequences, and also think about the things they would have done or would do if they faced the same situation. Now, when facing difficult situations, they have tools and “material” to use to their advantage. Since they have had the opportunity to talk about other people's choices regarding their work and the consequences those persons have faced, it is not going to be the same for these students if they submit a mediocre homework assignment, or use IA when prohibited.

The Good Project Core Concepts: Reflection

By Danny Mucinskas

Every day, many of us are confronted with numerous responsibilities and decisions. In addition to the professional obligations, personal care needs, and family relationships we prioritize, today’s media and information environment is saturated and pervasive, driven by devices and social platforms. A 2022 survey of American adults by the American Psychological Association showed that a full 27% of respondents were feeling so stressed that they could not function. In the working world, Gallup has found that only a third of workers feel engaged in their work in 2024, while 1 in 6 are actively disengaged, largely due to a lack of clarity about roles, little feedback, and profound ongoing changes in working patterns. We might ask ourselves:

  • When we might feel overwhelmed, what practices can help each of us feel more grounded and prepared to take on new challenges? 

  • When seeking to do “good work,” what day-to-day habits can support us in making ethical decisions with high standards? 

  • How can we take advantage of “down-time” to pause, center ourselves, and prepare for the road ahead?

Learning to reflect more fully can help to answer these questions and more. As a practice, reflection allows us to take advantage of opportunities to stop and think introspectively, to develop connections, and to construct a path forward. Defined as “the process of engaging in attentive, critical, exploratory and iterative interactions with one’s thoughts and actions, and their underlying conceptual frame, with a view to change” (Nguyen et al., 2014), reflection can help people conceptualize and achieve goals, become aware of themselves as learners (Kiaei & Reio, Jr., 2014), and reinforce a sense of purpose (Kosine, Steger, & Duncan, 2008). Reflection is related to and overlaps with metacognition, or “thinking about one’s thinking” (Chick, 2013).

Much of The Good Project’s work has focused on cultivating a habit of reflection related to work, whether that is a profession, a hobby, a community position, or another role that we may hold. We know from research that reflection in the workplace is not only beneficial but necessary. Schools, companies, and other institutions involve people collaborating together. Because human behavior and organizations are complicated and multilayered, deep reflection is required by all of us in order to develop professional competence (Cattaneo, 2020) and to make career decisions (Bassot & Reid, 2013). Reflection can also support people in becoming self-aware, effective leaders (Kontostavlou & Drigas, 2021). In his book The Reflective Practitioner (1983), focused on professionals at work, Donald Schön proposed a dual nature of reflection for workers: reflection-in-action, which occurs within situations and involves immediate reaction and testing, and reflection-on-action, which involves revisiting an experience after it has taken place to understand what happened and what could have gone differently. The benefits of worker reflection are therefore manifold.

Students who are not yet workers also benefit from reflective practices. Activities that ask adolescents to reflect upon their future careers promote both career adaptability and well-being (Ran et al., 2023). A meta-analysis has further found strong evidence of metacognition’s positive effect on direct student outcomes in school (Perry, Lundie, & Golder, 2019). 

Reflective capacities, then, are important for young people and older working professionals alike. Reflection allows each of us to build on our rich history of experiences through continuous consideration of our thoughts and actions, in the moment and retrospectively. Reflection reinforces the idea that we are all lifelong learners with room to grow as we come to understand ourselves more deeply.

The Good Project’s focus on reflection has also aimed to help people reflect consistently as a habit, or a regularly practiced routine, as opposed to occasionally or when it suits them. Regular reflection can become automatic when it is tied to a habitual ritual. For instance, actions like taking just a few minutes for daily individual journaling, or specific methods of debriefing in teams at the end of a meeting (to talk about what went well, what did not, and plans for the future) can become routine. These practices facilitate “thinking about thinking” in critical and attentive ways that meet the standard of reflection. Other habitual actions that support reflection may include use of mindfulness apps, reflective writing assignments in classrooms, or Socratic seminars that routinely ask learners to be intentional about how their ideas, thoughts, and behaviors are changing.

Furthermore, we have often spoken of the idea of reflection simply as a “Mirror Test,” or a chance to look at oneself in a hypothetical mirror, asking, “What do you see?” The answers to this question may vary widely from one person to another, involving aspects of identity, values, community affiliations, and life experiences that have influenced work. But collectively, thinking about each of these aspects of who we are and what we see when we examine ourselves can put our thoughts and actions into sharper focus, highlighting what we appreciate and what we would like to change by setting new goals or ideals. 

Because The Good Project has focused so intently on cultivating reflective abilities, our curricular materials and lessons rely heavily on thought-provoking questions to encourage learners of all ages to reflect individually and in groups. For example:

  • In our lesson plans, we ask students to complete self-reflections that ask them to think metacognitively about their learning over the course of each one of the units.

  • Our dilemmas are intended as opportunities for people to work together to dissect a particular set of circumstances faced by another person before turning the lens inward to one’s own circumstances.

  • Our activity database contains a variety of journaling exercises asking people to write about situations in which they faced dilemmas or made a decision that they would like to change.

When we have used these materials with learners, or teachers have used them with students, we have often witnessed reactions that express appreciation for the chance to be introspective and to develop new insights. These reactions indicate not only that reflection is beneficial but can also be enjoyable and enriching. However, it is worth noting that reflection overload may be possible. For example, Tasha Eurich suggests that highly reflective people can sometimes experience negative emotions caused by constant and unproductive introspection that does not lead to any new insights. In such cases, we may need to shift from asking ourselves “Why?” questions to “What?” questions during reflective moments. This shift can lower stress and result in more solution-oriented thinking.

The ultimate goal of encouraging people to reflect, specifically on their working lives, is that they will hopefully be equipped with the ability to slow down, strategize, and make thoughtful decisions in their professional lives. In order to prioritize reflection, we must shift our mindsets and begin to view metacognitive practices not as a luxury but rather as a necessity for personal growth. The ability to reflect thoroughly is particularly crucial when circumstances become difficult or challenging, such as when our values are challenged or we feel torn between conflicting responsibilities. Too often in the rush of life, especially in today’s pace of quick attention spans, there is a temptation to make quick decisions. As an alternative, we advocate  slowing down to take the time necessary to deeply reflect, practicing both reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action.

Through reflection, we hope that people will be able to do “good work” aligned with The Good Project’s framework that is excellent, ethical, and engaged for themselves and others. As author and educator Margaret J. Wheatley has said, “Without reflection, we go blindly on our way, creating more unintended consequences, and failing to achieve anything useful.”

Below, we share some resources related to the concept of reflection and its practice:

  • Project Zero’s Thinking Routines, many of which are intended to help people to be metacognitive (e.g., “I Used to Think… Now I Think…”).

  • Shari Tishman and David Perkins’ episode on “The Power and Pleasure of a Pause,” which may be an opportunity to reflect, from the Thinkability podcast.

  • These activities specifically focused on reflection.

The Good Project Core Concepts: Models and Mentors

by Danny Mucinskas

Throughout our lives, we will meet countless individuals and be exposed to the stories of thousands of other people through mass media. The relationships that we develop, whether direct interpersonal relationships (such as a deep friendship or family bond) or parasocial relationships (such as being a fan of a celebrity) can have profound effects on our values, identity development, decisions, and actions. Consider:

  • What types of relationships in your life have influenced you in positive and negative ways? 

  • Is there a particular person or persons who shaped who you are today? 

  • Have you held this role for someone else in your life? Do you think you’ve helped shape who they are in positive ways? 

In various lines of qualitative work carried out by The Good Project, related to both the way that adolescents navigate the world and how adults conduct their professional lives, we have often focused on two specific types of influential relationships. Research participants have spoken about:

  1. Role models. These are people who others often seek to imitate or emulate based on some characteristic, behavior, or set of achievements in a particular field. People often find them to be inspiring and to represent something that they seek to accomplish themselves and are described as “looked up to.” While people often have a direct relationship with their role models (e.g., an older sibling), it is also frequently the case that role models are widely recognized individuals who may not know the people who are emulating them (e.g., a widely known author).

  2. Mentors. These are people who others look to for guidance. Unlike role models, mentors (e.g., a teacher or a close colleague in a leadership position) are by necessity always known well to those they are advising, who are often seeking to follow in their footsteps. Mentors are often people who have experience or knowledge of a particular domain and can provide their mentees with support or feedback that can be actively used towards achieving the goals or ambitions of the mentee.

From research, we know that having role models is important for a variety of reasons. For example, role models are often responsible for increasing motivation towards goal achievement (Morgenroth et al., 2015), for setting examples of how one wants to work (particularly in parental role modeling; Wiese & Freunde, 2011), and can even inspire others to make bold decisions like starting a company (Bosma et al., 2012). Role modeling is also potentially associated with the development of character strengths (Johnson et al., 2016), with advancement of values like multicultural harmony (Onyekwuluje, 2000) and has been found to influence certain health outcomes (Yancey et al., 2011). 

Similarly, mentorship is also tied to a variety of positive outcomes and is often important in directly transmitting interpersonal support. In the health professions, mentorship models are relied upon for the sharing of knowledge, values, and emotional encouragement between older and younger members of the workforce (Henry-Noel et al., 2018), while mentors who embodied a “Close Connector” relationship model were found in one study to be most beneficial for youth outcomes (Austin et al., 2020). In the business world, 75% of executives say that having a mentor has been important to their careers, and 90% of workers with professional mentors are happy at work. It is clear, then, that across the lifespan, a relationship with a mentor can assist people in growing their skills and reaching their potential.

The demonstrated benefits of finding role models and mentors prompts all of us working in education to help young people to cultivate and maintain these types of relationships. From The Good Project’s years of investigating and speaking to individuals about these relationships, we have developed several insights which may not only be helpful for educators but also for adults as they do their work across the lifespan.

  • We are all members of a multitude of communities, whether the city or town where we live, schools, families, workplaces, hobby groups, and more. We can each find and connect with mentors or role models in any one of these environments or circumstances. In an educational context, by allowing students to choose personally meaningful role models or mentors from any arena of life, the likelihood increases that students will make choices that represent a diversity of voices and identities. Thinking expansively about who might be a role model or mentor reduces the reliance on easy answers or moral paragons who might often be held up as exemplars but who may seem one-dimensional or out of reach (e.g., Mother Teresa, George Washington).

  • No mentor or role model is perfect, and there may be a temptation for all of us to find one singular individual who possesses a multitude of admirable qualities or who is in exactly the right position to provide future career advice. Instead of looking for one individual, we have learned that it is possible for people to engage in “frag-mentoring.” Frag-mentoring is the concept that we can have several mentors at once, dependent on their qualities and their areas of expertise. For example, one might choose a senior colleague at work as a mentor for their tenacity and wisdom, even if they aren’t always someone who displays warmth as a friend, and also have a religious leader as a mentor for their spiritual devotion and community leadership, even if they aren’t always organized. The counsel or example of each one of these individuals might serve different purposes in particular circumstances, dependent upon one’s needs.

  • Negative examples can be equally as powerful as positive ones. While the definitions of role models and mentors we offered above presuppose positive interactions or a desire to mirror, the opposite may also be true. People who don’t embody the expectations or qualities we value in others, such as a micromanaging boss or a noncommittal family member, can still be instructive from an opposite vantage point. What is it about these individuals that encapsulates what we don’t want to be like, and could their example serve as an “anti-mentor”?

  • Concrete and direct action can come from mentorship or role model imitation with planning. Identifying individuals worth emulating as role models or interacting with as mentors is a first step, but the qualities or goals that make these people inspiring and worthwhile exemplars should be specifically named. Naming the qualities of a role model specifically or the goals that a mentor can support can be a tool for intention-setting and getting down to the particulars of what might be productive and life-changing about these relationships. For institutions like schools and workplaces, defined programs can also make mentoring concrete, such as a guest speaker series or a peer mentoring program.

While these insights may help a general audience think about mentors and role models, it can simultaneously be difficult to identify boundaries on who is a suitable individual to fulfill those roles. Notably, in forthcoming data collected by The Good Project, students (primarily secondary schoolers) were asked in an at-home reflection activity to identify multiple exemplars of “good work.” Analysis of their responses revealed that youth are already drawing on both close (e.g., family) and distant (e.g., celebrity) role models and that the qualities they admire in these individuals also cross a variety of complex dimensions of character strengths, including intellectual, moral, and performance character. Yet while these findings are encouraging, students often spoke of business leaders who have questionable scruples (e.g., Elon Musk) as people worthy of imitation as role models. 

While we believe in the idea identified above (that no mentor or role model candidate is perfect), every individual represents a complicated totality of decisions, experiences, and interactions with others and the world. As a project that believes in excellence, engagement, and ethics in human pursuits, The Good Project’s stance is to encourage the choice of mentors and role models who embody convictions and virtues with universal appeal, including common good, equity, empathy, perspective-taking, and sustainability. To complete the three-dimension framework of “good work” that is at the center of our project, leaders who are excellent and engaged in their pursuits must also be ethical.

Some further resources related to role models and mentors that you could explore are: